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(00:02) Introduction: The topic is administering oral medications. First step: the nurse reviews the Medication Administration Record (MAR) alongside the medication order.

(00:24) The nurse must follow the Seven Rights of medication administration (right patient, drug, dose, time, route, reason, documentation) to minimize medication errors; also checks for allergies and contraindications.

(00:49) Contraindications include difficulty swallowing, aspiration risk, decreased consciousness, or impaired gag reflex. Proper hand hygiene and gathering supplies are also required.

(01:09) Use of computer-controlled dispensing systems may be needed for controlled substances; MAR verification is essential.

(01:31) Supplies needed: medication cup or syringe, water (or similar) to help swallow, pill crusher or splitter if needed, paper towels, and clean gloves.

(02:08) Administration steps: position the client upright; unwrap medication; deliver in cup or syringe; provide water; observe ingestion; stay with client; observe for adverse effects; place call-bell within reach and follow up.

(02:56) Solid oral medication forms:

Tablets—may be given whole, split, or crushed (avoid crushing enteric-coated or time-release pills).

Capsules—may be opened and sprinkled onto food/drink.

Chewable tablets—must be completely chewed before swallowing.

Orally disintegrating tablets (ODTs)—place on tongue to dissolve; do not chew.

Sublingual tablets—place under tongue; let fully dissolve; do not chew.

Buccal tablets—insert between cheek and gum; allow to dissolve fully; no eating or drinking for 15 minutes after administration.

(05:06) Liquid medications: either use pre-measured cups or measure with a cup or oral syringe for correct dosing.

(05:28) For infants: hold in semi-reclined position, arms secured; administer via oral syringe to the back of the cheek in small increments, waiting for swallowing between doses; never mix with formula.

(06:43) For older children: offer choices (e.g. spoon vs. cup, preferred drink) to enhance cooperation. Crushed medication may be mixed into “sweet” but non-essential foods to prevent aversion; administer slowly. A dosing spoon may aid administration.