What is Furnace oil, Furnace oil kya hai, Furnace oil specification? फर्नेस आयल क्या है

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Fuel oil, also called furnace oil, fuel consisting mainly of residues from crude-oil distillation. It is used primarily for steam boilers in power plants, aboard ships, and in industrial plants. Commercial fuel oils usually are blended with other petroleum fractions to produce the desired viscosity and flash point
Bunker fuel, furnace oil, fuel oil are other names for the same product. Though Fuel oil is a general term applied to any oil used for generation of power or heat, Fuel oil can included distillates and blends of distillates and residue such as light Diesel Oil.
Furnace oil in the current marketing range meets bureau of Indian Standards Specification IS : 1593-1982 for fuel oils, grade MV2
Viscosity:
is the most important characteristic in the furnace oil specification. It influences the degree of preheat required for handling, storage and satisfactory atomization The upper Viscosity limit for furnace oil is such that it can be handled without heating in the storage tank is excepting under server cold conditions. Pre – Heating is necessary for proper atomization
As per the controller of explosives classification, furnace oil falls in the class “C’’ category with minimum flash point standard of 66 deg. C . Since penskey Martens Closed Cup method is used, it is apparent that a small quantity of low boiling point hydrocarbons is sufficient to lower the flash point drastically
Pour point :
It is a very rough indication of the lowest temperature at which Furnace Oil is readily pumpable. In the specification the pour point of Furnace Oil is not stipulated. However, for Furnace Oil manufactured indigenously and for imported parcels, the pour point is such that current supplies normally can be handled without heating the oil handling installation
Water:
may be present in free or emulsified form and can on combustion cause damage to the inside furnace surfaces especially if it contains dissolved salts. It can also cause sputtering of the flame at the burner tip. Water Content of furnace oil when supplied is normally very low as the product at refinery site is handled hot and maximum limit of 1% is specified in the standard
Sediment:
Furnace oil being a blend of residues contains some quantity of sediments. These have adverse effect on the burners and cause blockage of filters etc. However, the typical values are normally much lower than the stipulated value of maximum 0.25 percent, by mass
Ash:
is incombustible component of the furnace oil and is expressed as a percentage mass of the furnace oil sample. Ash consists of extraneous solids, residues of organ metallic compounds in solution and salts issolved in water present in the fuel. These salts may be compounds of sodium, vanadium, calcium magnesium, silicon, iron etc
Sulphur:
determination includes burning of known quantity of oil, treating the sulphur oxidation products formed during combustion and weighing of sulphur in the form of sulphate. The sulphur dioxide may come in direct contact with the product during the combustion process and may create adverse quality effects in the product
Calorific value:
of a fuel is the quantity of heat generated in kilocalories by complete burning of one kilogram weight of fuel. Gross calorific value is higher than net calorific value to the extent of heat required to change water formed by combustion into