java replace lambda with method reference

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in java, lambda expressions provide a concise way to represent instances of functional interfaces (interfaces with a single abstract method). however, in some cases, you can use method references instead of lambda expressions for more clarity and brevity. method references are a shorthand notation of a lambda expression to call a method.

what is a method reference?

a method reference is a way to refer to a method without invoking it. it can be thought of as a more readable and concise way to represent a lambda expression that calls a specific method.

syntax of method references

there are four types of method references in java:

1. **static method reference**: referring to a static method of a class.
syntax: `classname::staticmethodname`

2. **instance method reference of a particular object**: referring to an instance method of a specific object.
syntax: `instance::instancemethodname`

3. **instance method reference of an arbitrary object of a particular type**: referring to an instance method of an arbitrary object of a particular type.
syntax: `classname::instancemethodname`

4. **constructor reference**: referring to a constructor.
syntax: `classname::new`

example: replacing lambda expressions with method references

let's consider an example where we have a list of strings, and we want to transform the strings to uppercase. we can achieve this using both a lambda expression and a method reference.

#### step 1: using lambda expression

here’s how you would do it using a lambda expression:



step 2: replacing with method reference

now, let’s replace the lambda expression with a method reference.



explanation

in the first example, we used a lambda expression `name - name.touppercase()`, which explicitly specifies that for each element in the stream, we want to call the `touppercase()` method.
in the second example, we replaced the lambda expression with a method reference `string::touppercase`. this ...

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