Скачать или смотреть The Rise & Fall of Caloric Theory - Episode 3

In this episode, we explore the fascinating transition from the caloric theory of heat to our modern understanding of thermodynamics. While Antoine Lavoisier initially popularized heat as a material fluid, it was the colorful Benjamin Thompson (Count Rumford) who challenged this paradigm.

Through his observations of boring cannons in Bavaria, Rumford noticed that friction generated an inexhaustible amount of heat—a feat impossible for a finite substance. We recreate his famous experiment in the lab using modern equipment to show how mechanical motion directly translates into thermal energy. We also dive into the modern industrial application of these principles: Friction Stir Welding, a high-efficiency method used in aerospace and automotive engineering.

Finally, we examine how the caloric model, despite its flaws, paved the way for scientific progress and the eventual work of Joule and Mayer.

Timestamps
0:00 - Introduction to the Caloric Theory's Limits
1:19 - The Life and Scandals of Count Rumford
3:05 - The Cannon Boring Observation
4:27 - Lab Recreation: Generating Heat through Friction
6:47 - Rumford’s Revolutionary Conclusions
8:14 - Why Caloric Fails the Conservation of Matter
10:41 - Summary of Rumford's Three Main Findings
12:43 - Modern Application: Friction Stir Welding
15:17 - Applying Dr. Eyring’s Rules for Scientific Models
17:34 - Why Scientists Still Used Caloric (Dalton & Carnot)
18:24 - Preview: The Arrival of Joule and Mayer