Скачать или смотреть Leishmaniasis - Symptoms and Treatment of Leishmaniasis. Explained under 3 minutes

Leishmaniasis is a parasitic disease most Commonly found in tropics and subtropics.
It is classified as a neglected tropical disease. Which means it mostly affects poor people with low socioeconomical status.
There are 3 main forms of Leishmaniasis in people:
1. cutaneous leishmaniasis
2. Visceral Leishmaniasis
3. Mucocutaneous form.
Visceral Form is most dangerous. And almost always causes death of their infected person if left untreated.
While cutaneous form is the most common, but with milder symptoms.
Leishmaniasis is caused by infection with Leishmania parasites, which are spread by the bite of sand flies. Sand flies are much smaller then mosquito, and their food is human blood.
Only a small fraction of those infected by parasites causing leishmaniasis will eventually develop the disease. So, it means person can be infected but live without developing any symptoms and disease.
Signs and Symptoms:
Visceral leishmaniasis, also known as kala-azar is fatal if left untreated. it is characterized by irregular bouts of fever, weight loss, enlargement of the spleen and liver, and anaemia. Most cases occur in Brazil, East Africa and in India.
Cutaneous leishmaniasis is the most common form of leishmaniasis and causes skin lesions, mainly ulcers.
The skin sores. The sores typically develop within a few weeks or months of the sand fly bite.
The sores usually are painless but can be painful. Some people have swollen glands near the sores. (for example, under the arm, if the sores are on the arm or hand).
The sores may start out as papules (bumps), or nodules (lumps), and may end up as ulcers.
Ulcers leaving life-long scars and serious disability or stigma.
Mucocutaneus or Mucosal leishmaniasis, is an example of one of the less common forms of leishmaniasis. It is more common in parts of Latin America: certain types of the parasite might spread from the skin and cause sores in the mucous membranes of the nose (most common location), mouth, or throat.
Leishmaniasis is diagnosed by symptoms plus laboratory by direct visualization of the amastigotes (Leishman–Donovan bodies). Tissue specimen is tested. For example: tissue from skin sores or from bone marrow, or blood.
Treatment:
For visceral leishmaniasis in India, South America, and the Mediterranean, liposomal amphotericin B is the recommended treatment and is often used as a single dose. Rates of cure with a single dose of amphotericin have been reported as 95%.
Miltefosine, an oral medication, is effective against both visceral and cutaneous leishmaniasis. Side effects are generally mild, though it can cause birth defects if taken within 3 months of getting pregnant.
Prevention
Vector control helps to reduce or interrupt transmission of disease by decreasing the number of sandflies. Control methods include insecticide spray, use of insecticide–treated nets, environmental management and personal protection.

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By Abanima - Own work, CC BY-SA 3.0, https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index...

Manuel Calvopiña
Rodrigo X Armijos
Jorge Diego Marco
Yoshihisa Hashiguchi.Creative Commons Attribution 2.0 Generic
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