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factory method design pattern tutorial

the factory method is a creational design pattern that provides an interface for creating objects in a superclass but allows subclasses to alter the type of objects that will be created. the factory method defines a method for creating an object, but the subclasses decide which class to instantiate.

this pattern is particularly useful when you want to decouple the client code from the specific classes it needs to instantiate. instead of creating objects directly, the client code calls a factory method, which can be overridden by subclasses to create the desired objects.

key components

1. **product**: this is the interface or abstract class that defines the type of objects the factory method will create.
2. **concreteproduct**: these are the classes that implement the product interface; they are the actual objects created by the factory method.
3. **creator**: this is an abstract class or interface that declares the factory method, which returns a product object. it may also provide some default implementation.
4. **concretecreator**: this class implements the factory method to produce instances of concreteproduct.

example code

let's implement a simple example to illustrate the factory method pattern in java.

step 1: define the product interface



step 2: create concrete products



step 3: create the creator class



step 4: create concrete creators



step 5: client code

now, we can use the factory classes to create shapes.



explanation

1. **product interface**: the `shape` interface declares the `draw()` method, which will be implemented by all concrete products.
2. **concrete products**: `circle` and `square` are implementations of the `shape` interface and provide their specific implementations of the `draw()` method.
3. **creator class**: the abstract class `shapefactory` declares the factory method `createshape()`, which must be implemented by subclasses.
4. **concrete creators**: `circlefactory` and ...

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