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Graduate Engineer Andrew Bean explains uninterruptible power systems in about 2 minutes.

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Hello. My name is Andrew Bean, and I'm an electrical designer in the Fairfax, Virginia, office. Today I'm going to be discussing uninterruptible power systems, otherwise known as UPSs. A UPS is a local backup power source that provides power when the primary or preferred power source fails or becomes unusable due to surges, lags, outages, et cetera. A UPS additionally can filter or clean up the power to sensitive or nonlinear loads. Typical loads served by UPS backup power would include computer systems or data center equipment. In smaller UPS systems, the battery backup power is only intended to provide power to the connected equipment long enough for a safe shutdown of the equipment or until the emergency backup power, typically from a generator, is available. Larger UPS systems can be designed to provide power for longer periods of time. However, the main limiting factor is the number of batteries connected to the UPS.
There are many different types of UPS systems. However, the most common type we see in our industry is battery-backed double conversion UPSs. During normal operation, the preferred alternating current or AC power source is input into the UPS and converted to direct current or DC power. Inside the UPS, the DC power is used to charge the batteries as well as input power for the inverter, which converts the DC power back to AC power, which is then passed through to the connected loads. The power inverter in the UPS system filters excess noise out of the power source, smoothing voltage surges and lags and providing a clean, safe power source to the connected equipment. When the incoming source of power to the UPS system becomes unusable, it is disconnected from the system and the rectifier and the batteries begin delivering power to the inverter. Battery power is provided to the downstream loads until the batteries are depleted or the normal power source becomes available again. Since the DC power is always on, there's no break in the power delivered to the downstream load, thus providing an uninterruptible power source.