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#Atmosphericrivers #PineappleExpress #AR4 #YongZhu

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#Atmosphericrivers #PineappleExpress #AR4 #YongZhu

What is Atmospheric river, Pineapple Express? AR4 Cat scale? Reginald Newell and Yong Zhu's?

50 percent of California's annual precipitation comes from Atmospheric rivers, especially Pineapple Express

Atmospheric rivers are relatively long, narrow regions in the atmosphere – like rivers in the sky – that transport most of the water vapor outside of the tropics

These columns of vapor move with the weather, carrying an amount of water vapor roughly equivalent to the average flow of water at the mouth of the Mississippi River

When the atmospheric rivers make landfall, they often release this water vapor in the form of rain or snow

A well-known example is the "Pineapple Express," a strong atmospheric river that is capable of bringing moisture from the tropics near Hawaii over to the US West Coast

The term Atmospheric rivers was originally coined by researchers Reginald Newell and Yong Zhu of the Massachusetts Institute of Technology in the early 1990s

Atmospheric rivers are typically several thousand kilometers long and only a few hundred kilometers wide, and a single one can carry a greater flux of water than the Earth's largest river,

the Amazon River

Atmospheric rivers have a central role in the global water cycle

On any given day, atmospheric rivers account for over 90% of the global meridional, north-south

water vapor transport, yet they cover less than 10% of the Earth's circumference

the AR Scale has five categories, ranging in this case from Cat 1, weak to Cat 5, exceptional

A distinctive aspect of the AR Scale is that it is keyed to location, strength, and duration

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