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Interrupts are signals that temporarily halt a processor's current execution to handle an event, such as hardware failures, I/O operations, or real-time system requirements. They improve efficiency by allowing the CPU to respond to critical tasks immediately.
Interrupt Service Routine (ISR) is a special function that executes when an interrupt occurs. The steps in handling an ISR typically include:
Interrupt Request: A device or system triggers an interrupt.
Context Saving: The CPU stores the current execution state.
ISR Execution: The appropriate ISR is called to handle the event.
Context Restoration: The saved state is restored, and normal execution resumes.