Species Richness and Species Evenness | Environment and Ecology | Biodiversity | जैवविविधता | upsc

Environment and Ecology - पर्यावरण व पारिस्थितिकी
Species Richness
Species richness(S) is the number of species within a defined region.
Tropical rainforests in the terrestrial ecosystem and coral reefs in the marine ecosystem have the highest degree of species richness.

Species Evenness

Relative abundance of individuals of each of those species.
If the number of individuals within a species is fairly constant across communities, it is said to have a high evenness and if the number of individuals varies from species to species, it is said to have low evenness.
Low evenness indicates that a few species dominate the site.
Example: Sample forest A has 2 trees, 4 tigers and 6 frogs and sample forest B has 1 trees, 5 tigers and 6 frogs . Both samples have the same richness (3 species – species richness) and the same total number of individuals (12). However,
sample forest A has more evenness than sample forest B.

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