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How Japan Created a Post-War Technological Economic Miracle

In 1945, Tokyo was flattened by the final waves of B-29 bombings of the war, with more than 40% of Japan’s industry destroyed. Lines of people queuing for rations appeared throughout the ruined neighborhoods. The yen collapsed in value, black markets spread everywhere, and a nation that had once been Asia’s dominant power now faced starvation, collapse, and the complete loss of sovereignty.Fast-forward to Tokyo in 1964, the opening day of the Olympics.

Unemployment was virtually zero. The postwar soup-kitchen lines had vanished. In their place stood a new industrial Japan: the first Shinkansen bullet train running at 200 km/h, electronics, steel, and automobile factories operating at full capacity, and “Made in Japan” goods beginning to flood into America and Europe.