Скачать или смотреть Edmontosaurus: I Know Dino Podcast Episode 129

Edmontosaurus: I Know Dino Podcast Episode 129

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This episode was originally published on May 17, 2017.

Episode 129 is all about Edmontosaurus, a hadrosaurid that lived in the Cretaceous in what is now western North America.

The dinosaur of the day: Edmontosaurus
Hadrosaurid (duck-billed) that lived in the Cretaceous in what is now western North America
Two known species: Edmontosaurus regalis and Edmontosaurus annectens
Type species is Edmontosaurus regalis
The species name regalis means “regal” or “king-sized”
Edmontosaurus is named after Edmonton, the capital of Alberta (fossils were first found in southern Alberta)
Edmontosaurus regalis was named in 1917 by Lawrence Lambe, based on two specimens found in Alberta (that George Sternberg found in 1912 and 1916)
However, there are other species that are now classified as Edmontosaurus that were named earlier, including Edmontosaurus annectens, which Charles Marsh named in 1892 (originally was Claosaurus, then known as Trachodon, then Anatosaurus annectens. Anatosaurus and Anatotitan are now usually considered to be synonyms of Edmontosaurus
Charles Marsh named Claosaurus annectens in 1892, based on a partial skull-roof and skeleton and a second skull and skeleton (specimens were collected in 1891 by John Bell Hatcher, in Wyoming)
Charles Marsh described in 1889 a lower jaw that John Bell Hatcher found in the Lance Formation. He named it Trachodon longiceps, and it was larger than Cope’s specimen but had some similarities. In 1904 a second mostly complete skeleton was found in the Hell Creek Formation, by Oscar Hunter, a rancher in Montana. He and a friend debated over whether what he found was a fossils. Hunter showed it was brittle (and therefore stone) by kicking off the tops of the vertebrae, which Barnum Brown, who eventually collected the fossil, was unhappy about. Alfred Sensiba, another rancher, bought the specimen for a pistol and sold it to Brown, who excavated it in 1906. In 1907 this and Cope’s specimen were mounted next to each other at the AMNH, as Trachodon mirabilis
Hadrosaurids weren’t well known at the time, and after Marsh died in 1897 Claosaurus annectens was classified as a number of genera, Claosaurus, Thespesius, Trachodon. Textbooks and encyclopedias mentioned the difference between Claosaurus that was “Iguanodon-like” and Hadrosaurus with the “duck-bill”. In 1902, Hatcher said Claosaurus annectens was synonymous with the duck-billed skull hardosaurid, and he thought nearly all then known hadrosaurids were synonyms of Trachodon (which included Cionodon, Diclonius, Hadrosaurus, Ornithotarsus, Pteropelyx, Thespesius, Claorhynchus, Polyoanx). Then in 1910 new fossils from Canada and Montana showed more diversity in hadrosaurids. Charles Gilmore said in 1915 that Claosaurus annectens was the same as Thespesius occidentalis
Between 1902 and 1915, two more Claosaurus annecten specimens were found. The first was the “Trachodon mummy” found in 1908 by Charles Hazleius Sternberg and his sons, in Wyoming. Sternberg was working for the British Museum of Natural History, but Henry Fairfield Osborn bought the specimen for $2000 for the American Museum of Natural History. In 1910 the Sternbergs found a second similar specimen in the same area, which had skin impressions (they sold it to the Senckenberg Museum in Germany)
Lawrence Lambe described Trachodon selwyni in 1902 based on a lower jaw found in Alberta. It was described as having been assigned to Edmontosaurus regalis, but not many people think this is right
Trachodon is now considered to be a dubious genus
Two other species were included with Edmontosaurus in the 1920s but were initially called Thespesius. In 1926, Charles Sternberg named a new specimen Thespesius saskatchwanensis. In 1942, Lull and Wright wanted to simplify the taxonomy of crestless hadrosaurids and named a new genus, Anatosaurus, to include multiple species.

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