Full wave Rectifier working in tamil

Full wave rectifier working principle of operation.
What is a Rectifier?
Before we get into the different types of rectifiers, it is worth going over what rectifiers are. A rectifier is a diode which converts alternating current (known as AC) to direct current (DC). DC only flows in one direction whereas AC regularly reverses direction. Rectifiers allow current to flow in a single direction. Rectifiers take alternating voltage and converts it into high quality direct voltage needed for your telecom equipment. Traditional telecommunications equipment generally requires DC input power but mains power runs off AC. Such power systems consist of multiple rectifiers that convert AC power to DC power, so they can operate. Without the right rectifier, there is little chance of configuring your ideal system. They are the heart of a power system as they offer optimised solutions for each application. Using rectifiers means that you can tailor your power system without having to rebuild every element. The Different Types of Rectifiers So, it is clear that rectifiers are a key component to any network system but we need to dip deeper to understand the carious types. Depending on the situation, different rectifiers are used conditional to the system it is used in. The top two levels are single phase and three phase, which indicate how many diodes are used in the circuit. Then we come to half wave, full wave and bridge rectifiers, which affect what half cycles are produced. Let’s go into each type to better understand what rectifier should be used. Single Phase & Three Phase Rectifiers Single phase rectifiers have an input of one phase AC power. The structures are very simple, needing one, two or four diodes (dependent on the type of system). This means that the single phase rectifier delivers a small amount of power and has less transformer utilisation factor (TUF). A single phase rectifier uses only single phase of transformer secondary coil for the conversion and diodes are connected to the secondary winding of single phase transformer. This causes high ripple factor. Three phase rectifiers have an input of three phase AV power. Structures need three or six diodes and these are connected to each phase of the transformer secondary winding. Three phase rectifiers are used in place of single phase rectifiers to reduce ripple factor. Comparing the two types of rectifiers, three phase is preferred when using large systems. This is because they can deliver large amounts of power and do not require any additional filter to reduce ripple factor. Because of this, three phase rectifiers are more efficient and have more transformer utilisation factor. Half Wave & Full Wave Rectifiers Half wave rectifiers convert one half cycle on the AC input into pulsating DC output. This allows half cycle of the AC input while blocking the other half cycle. The half cycle can be either positive or negative. It is the simplest rectifier as only one single diode is used. Figure 1 (below) shows a positive half wave rectifier whereas a negative half wave rectifier would show the diode being reverse biased (facing the opposite way). Due to the pulsating nature of the direct current, ripple factor is high. This means that half wave rectifiers are not considered to be efficient and they often need filters to reduce ripple factor. Full wave rectifiers convert both (positive and negative) half cycles on the AC input into pulsating DC output. As figure 2 (below) shows, these circuits use a center tapped transformer which is connected across the middle of the secondary winding of a transformer. These types of transformer divides input AC into two parts – positive and negative. Due to this, full wave rectifiers are considered much more effective as the ripple factor is much lower in comparison. Also, as both cycles are allowed at the same time, it means that no signal is wasted. Bridge Rectifiers Bridge rectifiers are widely used in power supplies to supply direct current voltage to the components. They use four or more diodes and a load resistor (see figure 3 below). The four diodes are arranged in series with only two diodes allowing electric current during each half cycle. The diodes are considered to work in pairs, with one pair allowing electric current through the positive half cycle and the other half allowing current during the negative half cycle. The input alternating current is applied across two terminals and the output direct current is obtained across the resistor inductor which is connected between the other two terminals. Bridge rectifiers allow electric current during both positive and negative half cycles of the input AC signal. These circuit configurations do not require center tapped transformers, which can be very expensive.

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