Скачать или смотреть FEAR & PHYSIOLOGICAL MECHANISM | BIOLOGICAL SYSYTEMS IN MENTAL PROCESS | LECTURE VIDEO | PSYCHOLOGY

Fear is a basic and automatic survival emotion that protects the body from danger. It involves a complex interaction between the brain and various physiological systems. The mechanism of fear begins when a person perceives a threat through the senses, such as seeing a snake or hearing a loud noise. This sensory information is quickly sent to the amygdala, a small structure in the brain responsible for detecting fear and danger. The amygdala immediately evaluates the situation and, if it identifies a threat, sends signals to the hypothalamus. The hypothalamus acts as a command center and activates the body’s stress response systems.

One major system involved is the sympathetic nervous system, which triggers the “fight or flight” response. This response prepares the body to either confront the danger or escape from it. The adrenal glands release hormones such as adrenaline and noradrenaline, which increase heart rate, blood pressure, and breathing rate. Blood is directed toward the muscles, pupils dilate, and digestion slows down. These changes help the body react quickly and efficiently.

At the same time, the hypothalamus activates the Hypothalamus–Pituitary–Adrenal (HPA) axis. This leads to the release of cortisol, a stress hormone that provides energy by increasing glucose levels in the blood. Cortisol helps maintain alertness and supports the body if the stressful situation continues.

The prefrontal cortex also plays an important role in controlling fear by analyzing the situation logically. If the threat is not real, it can calm the amygdala and reduce the fear response. Therefore, fear is a coordinated process involving the brain, nervous system, and hormones working together to ensure survival and protection from harm. #snsinstutions #snsdesignthinkers #designthinking