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Signs and Symptoms of Colon Cancer
Colon cancer is a type of cancer that starts in your colon (large intestine) or rectum. Your colon and rectum are the organs that make up the lower portion of your digestive system.

According to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC)Trusted Source, colon cancer — also known as colorectal cancer — is the third most common type of cancer in the United States when certain common skin cancers are excluded. In fact, the American Cancer Society (ACS)Trusted Source estimates that about 1 in 23 men and 1 in 25 women will develop colorectal cancer during their lifetime.

The symptoms, treatment, and outlook for colon cancer will generally depend on the stage your cancer is in when you’re first diagnosed.
Stages of colon cancer
Doctors use staging as a general guideline to figure out how far along the cancer is. It’s important for a doctor to know the stage of the cancer because it helps determine the best treatment plan for you. It’s also a good way to estimate your long-term outlook.

Stage 0 colon cancer is the earliest stage, and stage 4 is the most advanced stage. Here’s how the stages are defined:

Stage 0. Also known as carcinoma in situ, in this stage abnormal cells are only in the inner lining of the colon or rectum.
Stage 1. The cancer has penetrated the lining, or mucosa, of the colon or rectum and may have grown into the muscle layer. It hasn’t spread to nearby lymph nodes or to other parts of the body.
Stage 2. The cancer has spread to the walls of the colon or rectum, or through the walls to nearby tissues, but hasn’t affected the lymph nodes.
Stage 3. The cancer has moved to the lymph nodes but not to other parts of the body.
Stage 4. The cancer has spread to other distant organs, such as the liver or lungs.
What are the symptoms of colon cancer?
You might not experience colon cancer symptoms at all, especially in the early stages. If you do experience symptoms in stages 0 through 2, they’ll often include:

constipation
diarrhea
changes in stool color
changes in stool shape, such as narrowed stool
blood in the stool
bleeding from the rectum
excessive gas
abdominal cramps
abdominal pain
Many of these symptoms can also be caused by other, less serious, conditions. However, it’s a good idea to see a doctor if you’ve had any of these symptoms for longer than a week or two. You and your doctor can talk about your symptoms and decide if colon cancer screening is appropriate.

Stage 3 or 4 symptoms (late-stage symptoms)
Colon cancer symptoms are more noticeable in stages 3 and 4. In addition to the above symptoms, you might also experience:

excessive fatigue
unexplained weakness
unintentional weight loss
changes in your stool that last longer than a month
a feeling that your bowels won’t completely empty
vomiting
If colon cancer spreads to other parts of your body, you may also experience:

jaundice, or yellow eyes and skin
swelling in the hands or feet
breathing difficulties
chronic headaches
blurry vision
bone fractures