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Limbic System 🧠 Components, Functions & Clinical Relevance | USMLE Step 1 | Dr G Bhanu Prakash

In this high-yield video, Dr G Bhanu Prakash explains the Limbic System in a way that blends deep neuroanatomy with Step 1–relevant clinical application. The limbic system is the emotional and behavioral command center of the brain, integrating memory, motivation, fear, pleasure, aggression, and autonomic function. Understanding its key components, interconnections, and functions is essential for answering USMLE Step 1 questions that combine neuroanatomy, physiology, psychiatry, and clinical neurology.

The video begins by breaking down the anatomical components of the limbic system — including the hippocampus, amygdala, cingulate gyrus, hypothalamus, mammillary bodies, fornix, and septal nuclei. Each structure is explained with its associated function:
– The hippocampus is vital for short-term to long-term memory consolidation
– The amygdala governs fear, aggression, emotional tagging of memory, and is implicated in conditions like Klüver-Bucy syndrome
– The cingulate gyrus integrates emotion with behavior
– The hypothalamus links emotions to autonomic and endocrine responses
– The mammillary bodies are involved in memory relay and can degenerate in Wernicke-Korsakoff syndrome

Dr Bhanu Prakash also explains the Papez Circuit, a critical neural pathway within the limbic system that connects emotion and memory, highlighting its clinical relevance in amnesia, personality changes, and psychiatric disorders.

Clinical pearls include:
– Bilateral amygdala lesions → Hyperorality, hypersexuality, and placid behavior (Klüver-Bucy)
– Hippocampal damage → Anterograde amnesia
– Thiamine deficiency → Affects mammillary bodies → Wernicke-Korsakoff syndrome
– Limbic epilepsy → Aura, déjà vu, and emotional outbursts

By the end of this lecture, you'll understand not only the structure and function of the limbic system but also how its dysfunction presents in neurologic and psychiatric illness, all in a clinically integrated manner perfect for the USMLE Step 1.

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