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The Mexican gray wolf (Canis lupus baileyi), also known as the Mexican wolf or lobo, is a critically endangered subspecies of the gray wolf native to the southwestern United States and Mexico. These medium-sized canids have a mottled gray coat with black and brown hues, featuring a distinctive black stripe along their back. Historically, they roamed across the region, but due to eradication efforts, they faced extinction in the wild by the mid-20th century. Conservation efforts began in the 1970s, with captive breeding programs established to conserve the remaining individuals. In 1998, reintroduction efforts commenced, releasing captive-bred wolves into the wild in Arizona and New Mexico. Mexican gray wolves inhabit a variety of landscapes, including forests, grasslands, and mountains, where they form family packs led by an alpha male and alpha female. Despite ongoing challenges and human-wildlife conflicts, legal protection and collaborative recovery plans aim to increase their population and genetic diversity, safeguarding this remarkable wolf subspecies and its crucial role in the ecosystem. The Mexican gray wolf stands as a symbol of the importance of preserving biodiversity and the continued efforts to protect endangered species in their natural habitats.