Meningeal Signs (Nuchal Rigidity, Brudzinke Sign, Kerning Sign) Made Easy

Meningeal Signs (Nuchal Rigidity, Brudzinke Sign, Kerning Sign) Made Easy

Signs of meningeal irritation explained with Mnemonics and animation

Nuchal rigidity:-
Nuchal rigidity simply refers to neck stiffness. Tightness and inability to move the neck muscles or feeling pain while trying to do so_ is an early warning sign of a number of conditions, some of them quite serious. Nuchal rigidity can range from minor pain to complete inability to turn your neck from side to side.

Brudzinke Sign:-
The Brudzinski's sign is positive when passive forward flexion of the neck causes the patient to involuntarily raise his knees or hips in flexion. Despite their historical significance, a positive result from either test has not been shown to be reliable indicators of meningitis

Kerning Sign:-
Kernig's sign is performed with the individual lying on their back with th their hips and knees flexed and bent at a 90-degree angle. Next, the clinician will slowly extend and straighten one knee at a time. Resistance, pain, or an inability to extend the knee is indicative of a positive Kernig's sign.

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