Electric Charge & Matter | Hindi

Overview of a Simple charge model using which we were able to develop the whole theory of electromagnetism.

We discuss how we don't know what charge really is but we know that it is a property of materials. It is NOT an object. It is a property like mass. We find that rubbing produces charge and there are 2 types of charges. One is called as Positive and other is called Negative charge. Like charges repel and unlike charges attract each other.

So, based on this we can develop a very simple charge model:
• Rubbing produces charge
• Test of charged object is that it attracts neutral objects
• Charge can be transferred via contact
• There are two kinds of charges. Like charges repel and unlike charges attract each other

We find that source of charge is buried deep inside the atom. Atom has a nucleus at its center and nucleus has two types of particles: protons and neutrons. Outside the nucleus, in some kind of a cloud, you can find the third type of particles: electrons.

When we discovered these particles, we found charge on them too. We found that protons have positive charge and Electrons have negative charge. Transfer of electrons is responsible for producing charge during rubbing.

We also see how materials are divided into two categories. 1st category is of materials like metals in which charge can move and they are called as conductors. 2nd category is of materials like plastic, wood, glass, rubber, pure water etc. through which charge cannot move and they are called as insulators.

We also discuss a very non-intuitive phenomenon of polarization, which explains attraction of neutral objects like pieces of paper towards both positively and negatively charged objects.

Finally, we also discuss charging by induction, discharging and grounding.


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NCERT Physics Class 12
Chapter – Electric Charges and Fields

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