Скачать или смотреть AUDIO: Basic Anatomy : Body Organs.

For 1st semester students of the Faculty of Medicine:
AUDIO
Faculty of Medicine
Basic Anatomy: Body Organs.

This audio is made to make it easier for students to learn, not tied to time and place. By only using earphones, you can learn easily. Hopefully useful.

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Basic Anatomy: Body Organs::

Basic anatomy studies the shape, location, function, and relationships between organs, including:

Major organs: Heart, lungs, kidneys, liver, stomach, intestines, etc.

Organ systems: How organs work together in a system, such as the digestive or respiratory system.

Body Organs in Basic Anatomy::

Organs are body structures made up of several types of tissues that work together to perform a specific function. Human organs are grouped into larger systems, but each organ has a unique role. Here are the details:

1. Definition of Organ::

Organs are groups of tissues that work together to perform a specific function in the body. Examples:

Heart: Pumps blood throughout the body.

Lungs: Exchanges oxygen and carbon dioxide gases.

Kidneys: Filters blood and regulates the body's fluid balance.

2. Examples of Major Organs Based on System::

1. Cardiovascular System::

Heart:

Located in the thoracic cavity.

Has four chambers: two atria (upper) and two ventricles (lower).

Plays a role in pumping blood through the systemic and pulmonary circulations.

2. Respiratory System::

Lungs:

Located in the thoracic cavity, protected by the ribs.

Functions in the exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide gases in the alveoli.

3. Digestive System::

Stomach:

Located in the abdominal cavity.

Produces digestive enzymes and acids to break down food.

Small Intestine:

Divided into the duodenum, jejunum, and ileum.

Functions in nutrient absorption.

Liver:

Located on the upper right side of the abdomen.

Functions as a producer of bile and detoxification of harmful substances.

4. Urinary System::

Kidneys:

Located behind the stomach, near the back wall.

Filters blood, removes waste, and forms urine.

Bladder:

Store urine before it is excreted from the body.

5. Nervous System:

Brain:

Controls all body functions and mental activity.

Consists of the cerebrum, cerebellum, and brainstem.

Spinal Cord:

Located in the spinal canal.

Becomes a communication pathway between the brain and body.

6. Endocrine System:

Thyroid Gland:

Located in the front of the neck.

Regulates metabolism through thyroid hormones.

Pancreas:

Produces insulin to regulate blood sugar levels.

7. Reproductive System:

Ovaries (Women):

Produce eggs and reproductive hormones.

Testes (Men):

Produce sperm and testosterone.

8. Immune System:

Spleen:

Plays a role in producing and destroying red blood cells, and helps the immune system.

Lymph Nodes:

Filter lymph fluid and ward off infection.

3. Relationships Between Organs::

Organs do not work independently, but rather are interconnected. Example:

The lungs provide oxygen to the blood pumped by the heart.

The kidneys filter the blood pumped by the heart.

4. Special Characteristics of Organs::

Hollow Organs:
Examples: Stomach, intestines, bladder (have lumens).

Solid Organs:
Examples: Liver, pancreas, brain (solid, without large internal cavities).

5. Clinical Application::

Understanding organ anatomy is important for diagnosing disease, surgery, and medical imaging.

Example: The position of the heart in the thorax guides the placement of devices such as pacemakers.

(for further explanation, please listen via audio. Someone cannot master a science by studying it only once, but must study it many times until they master the science)