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Seoul, South Korea (1800 – 2025) – Then and Now Cities – City Evolution

Seoul’s transformation from a historic walled capital to a global tech and culture powerhouse is one of the world’s most dramatic urban evolutions. Rooted in tradition yet boldly future-facing, Seoul blends ancient palaces with smart city innovation.

In the early 1800s, Seoul (then Hanyang) was the royal capital of the Joseon Dynasty, with Gyeongbokgung Palace, traditional hanok houses, and stone walls encircling the city.

The late 19th century brought modernization—trams, electricity, and railroads began shaping the urban core.

After the devastation of the Korean War (1950–1953), Seoul rapidly rebuilt, becoming a symbol of South Korea’s "Miracle on the Han River."

From the 1970s–1990s, it saw a boom in high-rise construction, subway expansion, and industrial growth.

The 2000s marked Seoul’s shift into a tech-savvy, design-forward metropolis—with initiatives like Cheonggyecheon Stream restoration and smart mobility systems.

Cultural exports like K-pop, K-dramas, and Korean cuisine made Seoul a global cultural hub.

By 2025, it’s a model of urban sustainability, innovation, and digital connectivity—while preserving its deep-rooted heritage.

Seoul today is a living harmony of the old and new—palaces beside skyscrapers, tradition beside technology.

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