NCERT Class 12 Political Science Chapter 3: Politics of Planned Development

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Political Contestation
Weighing the interests of one social group against another, present generation against future generations
Ideas of Development
Development could not be left to private actors, that there was the need for the government to develop a design or plan for development
Planning Commission
Early Initiatives
Five Year Plan - 1st in 1951; 2nd in 1956 & 3rd plan in 1961; 4th plan in 1966
1st Five Year Plan
Bring country out of poverty
Drafted by KN Raj – hasten it slowly for 1st 2 decades
Addressed agrarian sector including investment in dams and irrigation
2nd Five Year Plan
Rapid industrialization under P. C. Mahalanobis
Structural transformation
Socialist pattern of society
Controversies
Agriculture or Industry
Public vs Private sector – Mixed
Outcomes
Land reforms did not take place effectively in most parts of the country
Political power remained in the hands of the landowning classes
Big industrialists continued to benefit and thrive while poverty did not reduce much
Land Reforms
Food Crisis
Green Revolution
Under external pressure, dependent on food aid from USA
contrast between the poor peasantry and the landlords produced conditions favourable leftwing organisations to organise the poor peasants
resulted in the rise of what is called the middle peasant sections
Later Developments
1967 Indira Gandhi Changes