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Discover how to effectively combine multiple responses using `allOf` in OpenAPI 3. Learn the right structure to create complex responses like user verification with hospitals.
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Combining Responses in OpenAPI 3: An In-Depth Guide to allOf

When working with APIs and OpenAPI specifications, you might encounter scenarios where you need to combine multiple responses into a single, comprehensive output. This can be particularly useful when you want to return data from two or more distinct sources. In this guide, we will explore the concept of combining responses in OpenAPI 3 using the allOf keyword, and demonstrate it with a practical example involving user authentication and hospital data.

The Problem: Combining Responses

Imagine you are developing an API endpoint for user verification that needs to return a user’s authentication tokens as well as a list of hospitals associated with that user. The challenge is to merge the two distinct responses: one response contains the access and refresh tokens, and the other holds an array of hospital objects.

Example Response Structure

Here's the expected combined response structure for your API:

[[See Video to Reveal this Text or Code Snippet]]

This structure implies that we need to retrieve the tokens and the array of hospitals in one combined response, which appears quite complex at first glance.

The Solution: Using allOf to Combine Schemas

In OpenAPI 3, the allOf keyword allows us to compose new schemas by referencing existing ones. Each referenced schema contributes to the definition of the resulting schema. However, it's important to note that allOf can only reference schemas and not directly reference response components.

Steps to Implement

Define Your Schemas:
Before you can combine the responses, define the individual schemas for both hospital data and token pairs in the components/schemas section.

[[See Video to Reveal this Text or Code Snippet]]

Combine Using allOf:
Now, you can create a new schema that combines both Hospitals and TokenPair using the allOf keyword.

[[See Video to Reveal this Text or Code Snippet]]

Define Your Responses:
With the combined schema in place, define your responses in the components/responses section.

[[See Video to Reveal this Text or Code Snippet]]

Reference in Your API Path:
Finally, reference the VerifyUser response in your API path specifications.

[[See Video to Reveal this Text or Code Snippet]]

Conclusion

By utilizing the allOf keyword in OpenAPI 3, you can effectively combine multiple responses into a single, cohesive output that meets the needs of your API consumers. Just remember to define schemas in the components/schemas section for proper usage. This approach not only promotes reusability but also simplifies the management of complex responses.

Whether you're building comprehensive user authentication mechanisms or simply looking to return combined data, this method can ease your development process. Happy coding!