Alien Biospheres: Part 14 - Mass Extinctions

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MUSIC:
Unnatural Situation – Kevin MacLeod
Maestro Tlakaelel – Jesse Gallagher
New direction – Kevin MacLeod
Satya Yuga – Jesse Gallagher
Navajo Night – Audionautix

SOURCES:
Allen, David. (2014). Methane emissions from natural gas production and use: Reconciling bottom-up and top-down measurements. Current Opinion in Chemical Engineering. 5. 78–83. 10.1016/j.coche.2014.05.004.
Bauchot R, editor. 2006. Snakes: A Natural History. New York, New York: Sterling Publishers
Chapra, S.C.; Camacho, L.A.; McBride, G.B. Impact of Global Warming on Dissolved Oxygen and BOD Assimilative Capacity of the World’s Rivers: Modeling Analysis. Water 2021, 13, 2408. https://doi.org/10.3390/w13172408
Clarkson M. O., Kasemann S. A., Wood R. A., Lenton T. M. , Daines S. J., Richoz S., Ohnemueller F., Meixner A., Poulton S.W., Tipper E.T. 2015. Ocean acidification and the Permo-Triassic mass extinction. Sciencemag.org. Vol 348, Issue 6231
Condamine, F.L., Guinot, G., Benton, M.J. et al. Dinosaur biodiversity declined well before the asteroid impact, influenced by ecological and environmental pressures. Nat Commun 12, 3833 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-021-23...
Labandeira, Conrad C. 2005. The Fossil Record of Insect Extinction: New Approaches and Future Directions. American Entomologist, Vol 51, Num 1
Mannion, P., Benson, R., Carrano, M. et al. Climate constrains the evolutionary history and biodiversity of crocodylians. Nat Commun 6, 8438 (2015). https://doi.org/10.1038/ncomms9438
Menzer, A.; Gong, Y.; Fish, F.E.; Dong, H. Bio-Inspired Propulsion: Towards Understanding the Role of Pectoral Fin Kinematics in Manta-like Swimming. Biomimetics 2022, 7, 45. https://doi.org/10.3390/biomimetics70...
Perrichot, Vincent & Barden, Phillip. (2020). New remarkable hell ants (Formicidae: Haidomyrmecinae stat. nov.) from mid-Cretaceous amber of northern Myanmar. Cretaceous Research. 109. 104381. 10.1016/j.cretres.2020.104381.
Polishchuk, Leonard. (2010). The three-quarter power scaling of extinction risk in Late Pleistocene mammals, and a new theory of the size selectivity of extinction. Evolutionary Ecology Research - EVOL ECOL RES. 12. 1-22.
Sallan, Lauren and Galimberti, Andrew, 2015. Body-size reduction in vertebrates following the end-Devonian massextinction. Sciencemag.org. Vol 350 Issue 6262
Sekercioğlu CH, Daily GC, Ehrlich PR. Ecosystem consequences of bird declines. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2004 Dec 28;101(52):18042-7. doi: 10.1073/pnas.0408049101. Epub 2004 Dec 15. PMID: 15601765; PMCID: PMC539768.101 (52) 18042-18047
Silvestro, D., Cascales-Miñana, B., Bacon, C.D. and Antonelli, A. (2015), Revisiting the origin and diversification of vascular plants through a comprehensive Bayesian analysis of the fossil record. New Phytol, 207: 425-436. https://doi.org/10.1111/nph.13247
Wu, Y., Chu, D., Tong, J. et al. Six-fold increase of atmospheric pCO2 during the Permian–Triassic mass extinction. Nat Commun 12, 2137 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-021-22...
Yurugi, M., Shimanokami, M., Nagai, T. et al. Cartilage structure increases swimming efficiency of underwater robots. Sci Rep 11, 11288 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-021-90...

IMAGES:
Giant Panda – J. Patrick Fischer
Plume hypothesis for continental break - Zkelly1
Carnassial teeth – Kreuzschnabel
Plateau putorana Ольга Чумаченко
Sunnyodon notleyi – FunkMonk
Cryptotermes domesticus – David McClenaghan
Slow Loris – Jmiksanek
Pyroraptor olympius reconstruction – Mette Aumala
Deforestation and landscape fragmentation, Cameroon – Gregoire Dubois
Drepanosaurus unguicaudatus – Ildarotyrannus
Lepidodendrales – Falconaumanni
Ichthyornis restoration – El fosilmaníaco
Thrinaxodon liorhinus – Nobu Tamura
Purgatorius – Nobu Tamura
Whip scorpion spray – Bruce D. Taulbert
Funnel-web spider fang – Michael Doe
Greenfrog tadpole – Brian Gratwicke

0:00 Intro
4:52 The extinction begins
8:02 Specialists
12:38 Body size
16:20 Islands
17:54 Oceans
21:42 Extinction debt
24:43 Survivors
31:19 “Classes”
33:14 Adaptive radiation
37:14 Limblessness
39:06 Distropheognathans
41:34 Procaecoformes
45:13 Hylotheres
48:15 Peloropsids
49:44 Projectile weaponry
50:50 Chelae
52:10 Ceratodonts
56:08 Teleopsids
57:06 Freshwater
59:24 Oceans
1:02:49 Flightlessness
1:08:36 Rafting
1:13:42 Closing