Скачать или смотреть The Linux Programming Interface: A Linux and UNIX System Programming Handbook

Subject
In this book, I describe the Linux programming interface—the system calls, library
functions, and other low-level interfaces provided by Linux, a free implementation
of the UNIX operating system. These interfaces are used, directly or indirectly, by
every program that runs on Linux. They allow applications to perform tasks such as
file I/O, creating and deleting files and directories, creating new processes, executing
programs, setting timers, communicating between processes and threads on the
same computer, and communicating between processes residing on different
computers connected via a network. This set of low-level interfaces is sometimes
also known as the system programming interface.
Although I focus on Linux, I give careful attention to standards and portability
issues, and clearly distinguish the discussion of Linux-specific details from the dis
cussion of features that are common to most UNIX implementations and standardized
by POSIX and the Single UNIX Specification. Thus, this book also provides a com
prehensive description of the UNIX/POSIX programming interface and can be
used by programmers writing applications targeted at other UNIX systems or
intended to be portable across multiple systems.



Intended audience

This book is aimed primarily at the following audience:

z programmers and software designers building applications for Linux, other

UNIX systems, or other POSIX-conformant systems;

z programmers porting applications between Linux and other UNIX implementations or between Linux and other operating systems;

z instructors and advanced students teaching or learning Linux or UNIX system

programming; and

z system managers and “power users” wishing to gain a greater understanding of

the Linux/UNIX programming interface and of how various pieces of system

software are implemented.

I assume you have some prior programming experience, but no previous system

programming experience is required. I also assume you have a reading knowledge

of the C programming language, and know how to use the shell and common Linux

or UNIX commands. If you are new to Linux or UNIX, you will find it helpful to

read the programmer-oriented review of fundamental concepts of Linux and UNIX

systems in Chapter 2.

The standard tutorial reference for C is [Kernighan & Ritchie, 1988]. [Harbison

& Steele, 2002] goes into even more detail on C, and includes coverage of

changes introduced with the C99 standard. [van der Linden, 1994] is an alternative look at C that is both highly amusing and instructive. [Peek et al., 2001]

provides a good, brief introduction to using a UNIX system.

Throughout this book, indented small-font paragraphs like these are used

for asides containing rationale, implementation details, background information, historical notes, and other topics that are ancillary to the main text.

Linux and UNIX

This book could have been purely about standard UNIX (that is, POSIX) system

programming because most features found on other UNIX implementations are

also present on Linux and vice versa. However, while writing portable applications

is a worthy goal, it is also important to describe Linux extensions to the standard

UNIX programming interface. One reason for this is the popularity of Linux.

Another is that the use of nonstandard extensions is sometimes essential, either for

performance reasons or to access functionality that is unavailable in the standard

UNIX programming interface. (All UNIX implementations provide nonstandard

extensions for these reasons.)

Therefore, while I’ve designed this book to be useful to programmers working

with all UNIX implementations, I also provide full coverage of programming features that are specific to Linux. These features include:

z epoll, a mechanism for obtaining notification of file I/O events;

z inotify, a mechanism for monitoring changes in files and directories;

z capabilities, a mechanism for granting a process a subset of the powers of the

superuser;

Preface xxxiii

z extended attributes;

z i-node flags;

z the clone() system call;

z the /proc file system; and

z Linux-specific details of the implementation of file I/O, signals, timers,

threads, shared libraries, interprocess communication, and sockets.
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