Скачать или смотреть Magnificent Yantras : - Kranti Vrita Yantra

The *Kranti Vritta Yantra* at Jantar Mantar is a sophisticated astronomical instrument designed to measure celestial coordinates using the ecliptic coordinate system. Its name, which translates to "Instrument of the Circle of Declination," reflects its purpose in determining the declination, latitude, and longitude of celestial objects. This yantra is a testament to the advanced understanding of astronomy and mathematics in 18th-century India.

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**Structure and Design**:

1. **Circular Design**:
The *Kranti Vritta Yantra* consists of a large circular structure with calibrated markings representing degrees and minutes.
The markings correspond to the **ecliptic coordinate system**, which is aligned with the sun's apparent path (the ecliptic) across the sky.

2. **Tilted Plane**:
The circular plane is inclined at an angle equal to the *Earth's axial tilt* (~23.5 degrees) to align it with the ecliptic plane.

3. **Central Rod (Gnomon)**:
A central rod or pivot is positioned to help measure angles and locate celestial bodies on the ecliptic plane.

4. **Observation Points**:
The instrument includes mechanisms or markers for sighting celestial objects, aiding in their precise location along the ecliptic.

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**Functionality**:

1. **Celestial Coordinates**:
The *Kranti Vritta Yantra* measures the *declination* (the angular distance of a celestial object north or south of the celestial equator) and the *celestial latitude and longitude* of stars and planets.

2. **Ecliptic Observations**:
It is specifically calibrated to track objects along the **ecliptic plane**, which is the apparent path of the sun across the sky and the basis for the zodiac signs.

3. **Time Determination**:
Observations with the instrument can also help in determining the local time and understanding seasonal variations based on the sun's position.

4. **Astronomical Calculations**:
The yantra was used to calculate precise celestial positions, assisting in the alignment and calibration of other instruments at Jantar Mantar.

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**Scientific and Historical Significance**:

1. **Ecliptic Coordinate System**:
The instrument showcases the advanced understanding of the **ecliptic system**, crucial for studying the motion of celestial objects relative to the sun's apparent path.

2. **Precision Engineering**:
The inclined design and meticulous markings reflect the high level of engineering and mathematical precision achieved by Indian astronomers.

3. **Astrological Relevance**:
The Kranti Vritta Yantra also had applications in astrology, particularly in determining the positions of zodiac constellations and planetary movements.

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**Cultural and Educational Importance**:

1. **Teaching Tool**:
It served as an educational instrument for astronomers, scholars, and students to study celestial mechanics and the ecliptic system.

2. **Legacy of Sawai Jai Singh II**:
The yantra highlights Maharaja Sawai Jai Singh II’s commitment to advancing scientific knowledge and creating instruments that were unparalleled in their accuracy at the time.

3. **Integration with Other Instruments**:
The Kranti Vritta Yantra worked in harmony with other instruments at Jantar Mantar, contributing to a comprehensive observatory system.

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**Present-Day Relevance**:

The *Kranti Vritta Yantra* is an invaluable part of the Jantar Mantar observatories, attracting astronomers, historians, and tourists.
It serves as a historical artifact that demonstrates traditional methods of celestial observation and the ingenuity of Indian astronomers.

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In conclusion, the *Kranti Vritta Yantra* is a remarkable example of ancient Indian astronomical innovation. Its ability to precisely measure celestial coordinates along the ecliptic highlights the advanced knowledge and scientific achievements of its time. It remains an enduring symbol of India's rich astronomical heritage.

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