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Cyber Attacks
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A cyber attack is a deliberate attempt by individuals or groups to gain unauthorized access, disrupt operations, or damage computer systems, networks, or data using malicious digital techniques. With the rapid growth of the internet, cloud computing, and connected devices, cyber attacks have become one of the most serious threats to individuals, organizations, and governments.

Cyber attacks are typically carried out to steal sensitive information, cause financial loss, damage reputation, or interrupt critical services. Attackers may include hackers, cybercriminals, insiders, or state-sponsored groups. These attacks exploit weaknesses in software, hardware, networks, or human behavior.

Common types of cyber attacks include malware attacks, where harmful software such as viruses, worms, trojans, ransomware, and spyware are used to infect systems. Phishing attacks trick users into revealing confidential information like passwords and bank details through fake emails or websites. Denial of Service (DoS) and Distributed Denial of Service (DDoS) attacks overload systems with excessive traffic, making services unavailable to legitimate users.

Other attacks include man-in-the-middle attacks, where attackers secretly intercept communication between two parties, and SQL injection attacks, which exploit database vulnerabilities to access or manipulate data. Password attacks, such as brute-force and credential stuffing, attempt to gain unauthorized access by guessing or reusing passwords.

The impact of cyber attacks can be severe, leading to data breaches, financial losses, legal consequences, and loss of trust. In critical sectors such as healthcare, banking, and government, cyber attacks can even threaten public safety.

To defend against cyber attacks, organizations use strong authentication, encryption, firewalls, intrusion detection systems, regular updates, and user awareness training. Effective cybersecurity measures are essential to protect digital assets and ensure safe and reliable information systems.