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Kerala Floods ? || Natural or Man-made Disaster ? ||

Kerala floods : Natural or Man-made Disaster

1. KERALA FLOODS NATURAL OR MAN-MADE DISASTER ?
2. Why Kerala Floods?  Unprecedented flood, brought the state to a standstill.  Worst flood in Kerala over the last century.  India’s western coast received above-average rainfall because of sustained low-pressure conditions.  Change in land use patterns and climate change.
3. Present Situation?  Besides nature’s fury, the situation in Kerala is also a man-made problem.  Increasing stone quarrying activity in Kerala, along with largescale construction.  Unregulated growth of illegal constructions, and creation of real estate all over.  Development activity can increase the chances of landslides.
4. Continue:  Vested interests that do not want any environmental laws to be implemented.  Silting up of reservoirs prematurely in western Ghats due to massive encroachment & deforestation of catchment areas.  Idukki dam is a case wherein the entire catchment was encroached along the dam construction.
5. Reasons for the Crisis?  The Kerala disaster essentially has been caused by extreme rainfall since June 1 (42.17% excess in the state, 83.59% excess in Idukki).  10 per cent of the land in the state lies below sea level.  High population density compared to the all-India density.  No battalion of the state disaster response force (SDRF).
6. Poor Management  Floods, in places such as Bihar in 2016 and Surat in 2006, were exacerbated by poor dam management.  Even in the Uttarakhand disaster, uncontrolled construction, large hydropower plants and deforestation were assessed to have aided the scale of destruction.  In the 2015 Chennai floods, violation of dam safety norms was a critical factor, as per CAG report.
7. Madhav Gadgil Committee Report  2011 report on the Western Ghats that had made recommendations for preserving the ecology and biodiversity of the fragile region.  Had the report’s suggestions been implemented, the scale of disaster in Kerala would not have been as huge as it is.  Part of the problem in Kerala was “man made”.
8. Continue…  The committee suggested measures to conserve, protect and rejuvenate the entire range of western ghats that stretches over 1500 km along the coast.  The committee had recommended a ban on certain new industrial and mining activities in the area, and called for strict regulation of many other “developmental” works.
9. Continue…  It recommended that the entire Western Ghats, spread over six states, including Kerala, be declared ecologically sensitive area (ESA).  None of the six concerned states agreed with the recommendations of the Gadgil Committee.
10. Continue…  Later a High-Level Working Group on Western Ghats under Kasturirangan was constituted to “examine” the Gadgil Committee report.  It suggested that only a third of the Western Ghats be identified as ecologically sensitive area.  Later Environment Ministry notified certain area in the Western Ghats as ESA.
11. Instances of Extreme Weather  According to the data base compiled by the Centre for Research on the Epidemiology of Disasters, the instances of extreme weather have gone up from 71 in the 1970s to about 224 in the 1990s and 350 in the first decade of the millennium.  Since the Uttarakhand flooding, such extreme rainfall events have led to disaster-like situation in India every year.


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