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Anemia is a disease where there is a decrease in the number of Red Blood Cells or a reduction in the amount of hemoglobin in the blood. Hemoglobin is a protein found in the RBCs that carries oxygen from the lungs to other tissues and organs in the body. When there are not enough red blood cells or hemoglobin present, the body's organs and tissues do not receive enough oxygen, leading to a range of symptoms.
There are several types of anemia. They are iron deficiency anemia, vitamin deficiency anemia, hemolytic anemia, sickle cell anemia, and aplastic anemia.
Iron deficiency anemia is the most common type and is caused by a lack of iron in the body needed to produce hemoglobin. Vitamin deficiency anemia is caused due to a lack of vitamin B12 or folate, which are necessary for the production of RBCs.
Anemia can also be caused due to chronic diseases such as cancer, kidney disease, or Inflammatory Bowel Disease (IBD), which can interfere with the production of red blood cells. Blood loss, whether from an injury, major surgery or a chronic condition like heavy menstrual bleeding, can also lead to anemia.
Symptoms of anemia can vary depending on the severity of the condition. However most common signs include fatigue, weakness, shortness of breath, dizziness, headaches, pale skin, and cold hands and feet. In more severe cases, anemia can lead to complications such as heart failure or developmental delays in children.
Treatment for anemia depends on its cause. Iron supplements or dietary changes may be recommended for anemia caused by iron deficiency, while vitamin supplements or dietary changes may be suggested for anemia caused by vitamin deficiency. In some cases, blood transfusions too may be necessary to replace lost blood cells. If anemia is caused by an underlying condition, treating that condition may also be necessary.
Overall, anemia is a serious medical condition that requires prompt attention and treatment to prevent complications and improve quality of life.
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