Скачать или смотреть The Slaughter of Honor: How the Fall of Chivalry Led to the Downfall of a Kingdom

The Battle of Nicopolis in 1396 marked the end of the age of chivalry and the beginning of a new era in European history. The disastrous campaign, led by knights from across Christendom, was defeated by the Ottoman Turks, exposing the flaws of the chivalric system. The aftermath of the battle led to a decline in the knightly class, increased criticism of their ideals, and a growing divide between the nobility and the common people. This period of upheaval also saw the deposition of King Richard II of England, the rise of the House of Lancaster, and the beginning of the Hundred Years' War. Despite the chaos, new energies emerged, including the growth of the centralized monarchy, seaborne enterprise, and literature. The seeds of change planted in the 14th century would eventually bear fruit, leading to a new era shaped by new ideas, technologies, and social movements.