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Modern supply chains are remarkable systems that connect producers, suppliers, and consumers across the globe—often spanning dozens of countries and thousands of companies. They make it possible for everyday products to reach us efficiently and affordably.
Yet, they remain vulnerable. A single disruption anywhere in the chain can delay or block delivery to the customer. That’s why effective supply chain management (SCM) is essential—it coordinates the three critical flows that keep everything moving:


Product flow: the physical movement of goods and materials.


Information flow: the exchange of data and insights that guide decisions.


Financial flow: the movement of payments and capital that sustains every link.


SCM organizes these flows through three key activities: Source (procurement of inputs), Make (production or transformation), and Deliver (distribution to customers).
Behind these processes lie five major cost drivers—purchasing, manufacturing, transportation, warehousing, and inventory holding.
The ultimate goal of supply chain management is to balance cost efficiency with reliable, high-quality delivery—creating value for both businesses and consumers in an increasingly interconnected world.