Скачать или смотреть Nakayama Hakudo’s influence on Japanese karate.

The relationship between the swordsman Nakayama Hakudō and Gigō Funakoshi (also known as Yoshitaka Funakoshi), the third son of Shotokan founder Gichin Funakoshi, was that of a teacher and student in the arts of Japanese swordsmanship. 
This instruction had a profound and direct influence on the technical transformation of Shotokan karate, making it a more distinctively Japanese martial art separate from its Okinawan roots.
Nakayama Hakudō was an extremely influential master of Japanese martial arts, holding the highest rank of Hanshi (master instructor) in Kendo (Japanese fencing with a bamboo sword) and Iaido (the art of drawing the sword). Nakayama taught both Kendo and Iaido to Gigō Funakoshi.  Gigō's study under Nakayama provided him with a technical framework and philosophical approach rooted in Japanese swordsmanship (kenjutsu and iaijutsu). The concept that the instrument (the sword) is necessary to cultivate a serious state of mind and train the nervous system to respond reflexively emphasizes the deadly seriousness of practice. 
Gigō Funakoshi applied the principles and mechanics he learned from Nakayama's swordsmanship to transform his father's Okinawan-based karate (Karate-jutsu) into the modern system of Shotokan (Karate-do). This shift occurred primarily between 1936 and 1945. 
Gigō's study of swordsmanship directly influenced a move toward longer-range attacks and deep, strong stances to generate power, resembling the necessary base for a swordsman. Key technical changes rooted in this influence include: Long-Range Striking: Promoted swift, forceful strikes and elongated attacks, which contrasted with the close-range engagements and short stances of the older Okinawan styles.  Stances: The influence of classical fencing is specifically cited for the introduction of stances such as Kokutsu Dachi (back stance) and the preference for Fudo Dachi (rooted stance or immovable stance). The development of low stances overall was a notable departure from the older, higher Okinawan positions. 
Kumite (Sparring): Gigō laid the foundation for modern prearranged fighting, creating systems like Gohan Kumite (five-step sparring) and later, Jiyu Kumite (free-sparring). His fighting style emphasized hard, fast strikes and incorporated elements like chained techniques and foot sweeps taken from Kendo and Judo.  Through this training under Nakayama Hakudō, Gigō Funakoshi gave Shotokan a powerful Japanese flavor and established the technical basis for the dynamic, linear style that would become one of the world's most widespread forms of karate.