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1. Definition
Micro-robotic devices are robots with dimensions in the micrometer (µm) to millimeter (mm) scale.
They are designed to perform tasks in confined or sensitive environments where conventional robots are too large.
These devices combine actuators, sensors, control systems, and sometimes power sources on a micro-scale platform.
2. Characteristics
Small size: Typically 1 mm to a few cm.
Precision: High positional accuracy due to small scale.
Low weight: Lightweight for delicate or micro-environment tasks.
High integration: Combines sensing, actuation, and control in limited space.
Adaptability: Can operate in diverse environments (fluid, tissue, microchannels).
3. Types
Micro-walking robots: Legged micro-robots for locomotion on surfaces.
Micro-swimming robots: Propelled in fluids, often for medical applications.
Micro-grippers: Manipulate small objects like cells or micro-components.
Micro-drones: Tiny aerial vehicles with limited payload and navigation.
Micro-assembly robots: For electronics or MEMS device fabrication.
4. Actuation in Micro-Robots
Electrostatic actuators: Common in MEMS; low power.
Piezoelectric actuators: Fast, precise movement.
Magnetic actuators: Remote control without onboard power.
Thermal/SMA actuators: Simple design; slow response.
5. Applications
Medical: Targeted drug delivery, minimally invasive surgery.
Industrial: Micro-assembly, precision inspection.
Environmental: Monitoring confined spaces or hazardous zones.
Research: Studying cell behavior or microfluidic systems.