RNA Editing | PAN Editing | Editosome | BIOCHEM I PART-6 | Protein Synthesis| Basic Science Series

00:00 Introduction
00:20 Subscription request
00:28 Recap of the previous chapter (Translational Frameshifting)
00:51 Any question?
00:58 RNA editing
01:33 Insertion, deletion, and base substitution
02:03 Examples of RNA editing
02:20 Process of RNA editing
02:44 PAN editing
03:14 Editosome
04:07 Mechanism of Editosome
04:48 Editing by Deamination
05:04 Functions of RNA editing
05:31 Thank you/End screen for new videos

Translational Frameshifting:    • Translational Frameshifting | Ribosom...  

RNA editing is a molecular process through which some cells can make discrete changes to specific nucleotide sequences within an RNA molecule after it has been generated by RNA polymerase. What it means is when a cell makes an RNA molecule its sequence can be changed after it is synthesized to change the final sequence of the protein. RNA editing may include insertion, deletion, and base substitution.
RNA editing has been observed in some tRNA, rRNA, mRNA, or miRNA molecules of eukaryotes and their viruses, archaea, and prokaryotes
RNA editing occurs in the cell nucleus and cytosol, as well as within mitochondria and plastids.
substitution of nucleotides within the RNA molecule.
RNA editing through the addition and deletion of uracil has been found in kinetoplasts[A kinetoplast is a network of circular DNA (called kDNA) inside a large mitochondrion. Because this may involve a large fraction of the sites in a gene, it is sometimes called "pan-editing.

Pan-editing starts with the base-pairing of the unedited primary transcript with a guide RNA (gRNA), which contains complementary sequences to the regions around the insertion/deletion points.
he newly formed double-stranded region is then enveloped by an editosome, a large multi-protein complex that catalyzes the editing.
The editosome opens the transcript at the first mismatched nucleotide and starts inserting uridines. The inserted uridines will base-pair with the guide RNA, and insertion will continue as long as A or G is present in the guide RNA and will stop when a C or U is encountered.

The mechanism of the editosome involves an endonucleolytic cut at the mismatch point between the guide RNA and the unedited transcript.

The next step is catalyzed by one of the enzymes in the complex, a terminal U-transferase, which adds Us from UTP at the 3' end of the mRNA.

The opened ends are held in place by other proteins in the complex. Another enzyme, a U-specific exoribonuclease, removes the unpaired Us. After editing has made mRNA complementary to gRNA, an RNA ligase rejoins the ends of the edited mRNA transcript.

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