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Shakespeare in his ‘Hamlet’ play tackles the theme in a way makes his play one of his masterpieces, for example, he excessively uses a Metatheatrical technique in order to develop his theme of artifice. However, It is as non-traditional technique that challenges the Aristotelian claim of dramatic illusion in which Aristotle says that the playwright should observe dramatic illusion to make the audience believe that what they watch is real life, not acting. As a result, this reduces the effect of the catharsis which usually happens when the audience believe that what they watch is real life; consequently, they pity the tragic hero and they are scared lest they should have the same fate. But when they know that the tragic hero is an actor acting a play, they do not sympathize with him. However, this technique is realized through two ways; by mentioning the theatrical affairs and second, by involving a play-within- a play.
in ‘Hamlet’ play, Shakespeare introduces the Metatheatrical technique through two ways; theatrical affair, like actors, acting, script, and curtain and a play-with-in-a play by giving three instances. By doing so, he is challenging and violating the Aristotelian claim of dramatic illusion and he violates the effect of catharsis. However, I think that the catharsis is not realized and as a consequence, the play does not end in pity and fear, but in pity and admiration because Hamlet, according to Christianity, purges himself at the end.