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#Chromosomes_Types
Chromosomes Types, Homologues chromosomes, Two chromosomes have same genes sequences and loci, Heterologous chromosomes, Two chromosomes have different genes sequences and loci, Locus, positron of gene, Allele, alternative form of gene, Centromeres, Site of spindle fibers attach during mitosis and meiosis divisions, Telomeres, Located at the ends of chromosome arms, Needed for chromosomal replication and stability, All telomeres in species have the same sequences, Centromeres and Telomeres are Heterochromatin, Centromeres and Telomeres interact with both nuclear envelop and each other, Centromere Location, Divides chromosome to Two parts, Short arm (P arm) , Long arm (q arm), Eukaryotic Chromosomes, Held on mitotic spindle that forms in centromere, Eukaryotic Centromeres, Often have heterochromatin that is rich in satellite DNA sequences, Primary Constriction, Secondary Constriction, Chromosomes Classification, Sub-metacentric, centromere located between middle and end of chromosome, Acrocentric, centromere located near to the end of chromosome, Telocentric, centromere located at the end of chromosome, Chromosomes Numbers, Fixed in each cell, Varies from species to specie, Somatic chromosomes numbers (2n) (Diploid Cell), Sexual chromosomes numbers (1n) (Haploid Cell), Chromosome Size, Depending upon stage of cell divisions, Longest and thinnest chromosome seen during Interphase of mitosis divisions, Prophase, decrease length with increase thickness, Smallest chromosome seen during Anaphase and Telophase, Chromosomes Functions, Ensure precise distribution of DNA to daughter nuclei during cell divisions, Protect genetic material (DNA) from damage during cell divisions, Provide genetic information for cellular functions
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