The Latin Case System song

This covers the main six cases and their primary functions. This is by no means an exhaustive list of the different uses of every case, but it's a solid foundation.

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[LYRICS]
The nominative is for the subject of the verb
The subject is the noun that does the verb
Or if the verb is passive then the subject
Has the verb done to it

Rex vocat, the king calls or rex vocatur the king is called
In both sentences rex is nominative because the subject is the king

The genitive is for possession of another noun
And we translate it with the word “of”
Or with an “s” and an apostrophe

oculi reginae are the eyes of the queen
here oculi is nominative and reginae is genitive
Because they are the queen’s eyes

The dative is for the indirect object
And we translate it using the words “to or for”
You can often expect a dative with a verb like to give or to say

donum amico do I give a gift to my friend
Or hoc tibi dico I am saying this to you
Amico and tibi are each dative as an indirect object

The accusative is for the direct object of the verb
Or the thing that receives the action of the verb
It’s also used as the object of prepositions that take the accusative

Like canem video I see the dog where canem is accusative because it’s the direct object of video
And in casam festino I hurry into the house where casam is accusative because it's the object of the preposition in

The ablative is not like other cases
Because of how many uses it has

The ablative is used for the object of prepositions that take the ablative:
But if there is no preposition just remember that you can translate it using FWIB
From with in/on or by

Ab urbe ambulo I walk from the city
oculis te video I see you with my eyes
ex umbris out of the shadows
De monte down from the mountain

The vocative is used for talking directly to someone or something
The thing that you call them will be in the vocative case

Te amo amice I love you my friend
Where amice is vocative because I’m calling you my friend
And I am telling you that my feeling for you is love


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