Скачать или смотреть Introduction to immune system || Lecture 5

The video provides an introduction to the immune system . It explains that the immune system is the body's defense system that protects against bacteria, viruses, and fungi .

Here's a breakdown of the key topics discussed:

Immune System Function :
The immune system distinguishes between "self" (the body's own cells) and "non-self" (harmful invaders like bacteria and viruses). It decides what should enter the body and what should be kept out.

Analogy to an Army :
The speaker uses the analogy of a country's army to explain how the immune system protects the body from harmful microorganisms.

Immunology :
Immunology is defined as the study of the immune system and how it functions as the body's defense mechanism. It explores how germs enter the body, how immune cells recognize them, and how they eliminate them.

Self and Non-Self Concept :
This concept is crucial for the immune system to identify and differentiate between the body's own cells and foreign invaders. An example of an airport security check is used to illustrate how the immune system "checks IDs" of substances entering the body.

Organs of the Immune System :
The video categorizes immune organs into primary and secondary:

Primary Organs :

Bone Marrow :
This is where blood cells, including immune cells, are produced.

Thymus :
This is where T cells, which are crucial for immune response, mature.

Secondary Organs :
Spleen and Lymph Nodes :
These are sites where immune responses occur, acting like "police stations" for the body.

Cells of the Immune System :
White Blood Cells (WBCs), also known as leukocytes, are the "soldiers" of the immune system.

Phagocytosis :
This is the process by which certain immune cells engulf and destroy harmful germs.

Types of Immunity :

Innate Immunity :
This is the body's immediate, non-specific first line of defense, present from birth. It acts quickly when any harmful microorganism tries to enter the body.

Adaptive Immunity :
This is a slower but highly specific and powerful form of immunity. It "remembers" previous infections, making the response faster and more effective upon re-exposure.
Humoral and Cell-Mediated Immunity :

Humoral Immunity :
Involves B cells, antibodies, and targets germs in the blood.

Cell-Mediated Immunity :
Involves T cells and targets virus-infected cells.

Clonal Selection Theory :
This theory explains how specific immune cells (lymphocytes) are activated by matching antigens, leading to the creation of multiple copies of those cells to fight off the infection.

Primary and Secondary Immune Response :
Primary Response : Occurs during the first exposure to an infection, is slower, and involves IgM antibodies.

Secondary Response : Occurs upon re-exposure to the same infection, is rapid, and involves IgG antibodies.

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