Chronic Kidney Disease Pathophysiology (EASY!!) | Full Nursing Lecture

Chronic Kidney Disease Pathophysiology (EASY!!) | Full Nursing Lecture

Here's an easy breakdown of Chronic Kidney Disease (aka Chronic Renal Failure). This is one of the must-know topics that you will cover in nursing school.

We will break it down super simple and go through the what is happening and WHY! Trust me, understanding the pathophysiology behind the med-surg disorder will help you work though any test question.


Here's a quick breakdown of what we'll talk about:


What is chronic kidney disease?

Chronic kidney disease just means that the kidneys are permanently damaged, and now they can't do their job as well.

The kidneys are in charge of so many things: like filtering the blood and removing waste products, and keeping a good balance of fluid and electrolytes. If the kidneys are damaged, it can lead to some serious problems.


What causes chronic kidney disease?

There are many possible causes, like hypertension, infection, diabetes, or immune disorders.


What's the step-by-step pathophysiology of chronic kidney disease?

Step 1:

There is a trigger that damages the nephrons. The nephrons are the functional part of the kidney, they do all the work to filter the blood, so when the nephrons are damaged, it's bad news.

Step 2:

The damaged nephrons can't filter blood as well. The nephrons are the functional part of the kidneys, they do all the work of filtering the blood.

Step 3:

The healthy nephrons that aren't damaged try to compensate for the damaged nephrons. They see those damaged one's and they try to help out by increasing the amount of blood they filter. This is called the glomerular filtration rate (GFR).

The GFR is the amount of blood the glomeruli (which are inside the nephrons) can filter per minute. So the healthy nephrons will increase their productivity and they will filter more and more blood to try and compensate.

This may lead to a temporary increase in the GFR.

Step 4:

As time goes on, more and more nephrons will become damaged. This will limit blood flow to the kidneys, and the kidneys will trigger a compensatory response to this lack of blood flow (the RAA pathway).

Here's a SUPER helpful video on the RAA pathway:    • RAA SYSTEM (Renin-Angiotensin-Aldoste...  

Step 5:

Complications, and the major signs and symptoms of chronic kidney disease, start to occur. The key complications you need to know about for nursing school are: proteins spilling out into the urine (called proteinuria), decreased glomerular filtration rate (or GFR), increased creatinine and urea levels, anemia, and fluids and electrolyte imbalances.


I hope this video helped clarify exactly what's happening during chronic kidney disease.

If you want more videos about chronic kidney disease, including the signs and symptoms, nursing assessment, and nursing interventions, make sure to check out the NursingSOS Membership Community here: https://nursingschoolofsuccess.com/yes



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