Скачать или смотреть Excel Absolute vs Relative References: Master the $ Symbol & F4 Shortcut

Why do formulas work perfectly in one cell but break when you copy them down?
In this tutorial, I'll explain the difference between absolute and relative references - and show you the F4 shortcut that fixes everything!

What You'll Learn:
✅ What relative references are (and why Excel moves them)
✅ What absolute references are (and when to use them)
✅ How to use the F4 shortcut to lock cell references
✅ The difference between $A$1, $A1, and A$1
✅ Real-world examples: tax calculations, currency conversions, commission rates

Perfect for:
Anyone who's had formulas mysteriously "break"
Financial analysts building models
Anyone calculating percentages, rates, or ratios
Business professionals working with spreadsheets

Free Practice Data Included!
Copy the CSV data below to follow along:
📊 CSV Practice Data:
Product,Price,Tax Amount,,Tax Rate
Laptop,1000,,,0.08
Mouse,20,,,
Monitor,200,,,
Keyboard,50,,,
Headset,80,,,
Dock,150,,,

Key Concept:
Relative (A1): Both row and column adjust when copied
Absolute ($A$1): Neither row nor column adjusts
Mixed ($A1): Column locked, row adjusts
Mixed (A$1): Row locked, column adjusts

The F4 Shortcut:
Press F4 repeatedly to cycle through all four reference types!
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About Office Training with Itu:

I'm Itu, based in Cape Town, South Africa. I teach practical Excel and Microsoft Office skills that you can apply immediately in your work.

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