Urticaria Symptoms, Treatment, and Causes

Urticaria, commonly known as hives, is a skin condition characterized by raised, itchy, and often red welts on the skin. These welts can vary in size and shape and may appear suddenly and disappear just as quickly, usually within a few hours or days. Urticaria can occur anywhere on the body and may be clustered together or spread out.

There are two main types of urticaria: acute urticaria and chronic urticaria.

1. Acute Urticaria: This type of urticaria lasts for a short period, usually a few hours to a few days. It is often triggered by factors such as allergic reactions to certain foods (like nuts, shellfish, or strawberries), insect stings or bites, medications (like antibiotics or pain relievers), infections, exposure to heat or cold, or stress. Acute urticaria typically doesn't require extensive medical treatment and often goes away on its own.

2. Chronic Urticaria: Chronic urticaria persists for more than six weeks and can last for months or even years. It can be more challenging to diagnose and manage than acute urticaria. The cause of chronic urticaria is often more complex and may be related to autoimmune factors or underlying health conditions.

In both types of urticaria, the welts are caused by the release of histamine and other chemicals from mast cells in the skin. Histamine causes the blood vessels to leak fluid, leading to the characteristic raised welts and itching.

Symptoms of urticaria include:

Raised, red or pink welts on the skin
Itching, which can be intense
Swelling around the welts
The welts may change shape, disappear, and reappear in a different area

Treatment options for urticaria include:

Antihistamines: These are the most common treatment for relieving the itching and discomfort associated with urticaria. They work by blocking the effects of histamine.
Avoiding Triggers: If specific triggers are identified, avoiding them can help prevent outbreaks.
Corticosteroids: In severe cases, oral or topical corticosteroids may be prescribed to reduce inflammation and itching.
Autoimmune Treatments: For chronic urticaria with an autoimmune component, medications that affect the immune system might be used.

It's important to consult a medical professional if you experience urticaria, especially if it becomes chronic, interferes with daily life, or is accompanied by other symptoms. A doctor can help identify potential triggers, recommend appropriate treatment, and rule out underlying health conditions.