Скачать или смотреть Anatomy & Physiology (72) Structural & Functional Classification of Neuron | Neuron Classification

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Neurons are specialized cells that transmit electrical and chemical signals in the nervous system. They can be classified based on their structure and function. Here's an overview of the structural and functional classification of neurons:

Structural Classification:
1. Multipolar Neurons: These are the most common type of neurons in the central nervous system (CNS). They have multiple dendrites and a single axon extending from the cell body. Multipolar neurons are involved in motor control, cognitive processes, and sensory integration.

2. Bipolar Neurons: Bipolar neurons have two processes extending from the cell body—an axon and a single dendrite. They are primarily found in sensory organs, such as the retina of the eye and the olfactory epithelium in the nose. Bipolar neurons are involved in transmitting sensory information.

3. Unipolar (Pseudounipolar) Neurons: Unipolar neurons have a single elongated process that branches into two parts, functioning as both an axon and a dendrite. The cell body is located off to the side. Unipolar neurons are commonly found in sensory ganglia and are responsible for transmitting sensory information from the peripheral nervous system (PNS) to the CNS.

Functional Classification:
1. Sensory Neurons (Afferent Neurons): Sensory neurons detect external stimuli or internal conditions and transmit this information to the CNS. They receive sensory inputs from sensory receptors located in various parts of the body and carry signals towards the CNS for processing.

2. Motor Neurons (Efferent Neurons): Motor neurons transmit signals from the CNS to muscles or glands, enabling motor control and producing responses. They innervate muscles and are responsible for initiating muscle contractions or glandular secretions.

3. Interneurons (Association Neurons): Interneurons are located within the CNS and form connections between sensory and motor neurons. They integrate and process information within the CNS, allowing for complex neural processing and coordination. Interneurons facilitate communication between different regions of the brain and spinal cord.

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