Her name was Victoria Kaʻiulani Cleghorn, born in 1875 in Honolulu, the daughter of Princess Miriam Likelike of Hawaii and Scottish businessman Archibald Cleghorn. From birth, Kaʻiulani stood between two worlds: the royal bloodline of the Hawaiian monarchy and the foreign influence that was reshaping the islands.
Kaʻiulani was the sole heir to the Hawaiian throne. Her uncle, King Kalākaua, ruled Hawaii until his death in 1891. He was succeeded by her aunt, Queen Liliʻuokalani. This meant that if the monarchy endured, Kaʻiulani would one day inherit the crown.
But fate had other plans.
In 1893, a group of American businessmen and sugar planters, backed by U.S. Marines, staged a coup d’état. They forced Queen Liliʻuokalani to abdicate, effectively overthrowing the Hawaiian monarchy. At the time, Kaʻiulani was just 17, studying abroad in Europe. Overnight, she went from heir to a throne… to an exiled princess without a kingdom.
Kaʻiulani, however, did not suffer quietly. She became the voice of her nation abroad. In interviews and speeches, she pleaded with America to respect Hawaii’s sovereignty. She was praised for her intelligence, dignity, and beauty, with U.S. newspapers calling her the “Hope of Hawaii.” Many who met her believed she could save her nation’s monarchy.
But history was unkind. In 1898, Hawaii was annexed by the United States, despite Kaʻiulani’s appeals. She returned home, grieving for the kingdom she had lost.
Her story ended in tragedy. In 1899, at just 23 years old, Kaʻiulani fell ill and died. Some said it was pneumonia; others whispered it was heartbreak. Hawaii mourned deeply, seeing in her not just a princess, but a symbol of what had been stolen.
Kaʻiulani remains one of history’s great “what-ifs.” A young woman of mixed heritage — half Hawaiian, half Scottish — who could have united tradition and modernity. Instead, her crown was taken before she could wear it, and she became a legend of loss.
She is remembered as the princess born to rule… but destined to lose everything.
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