Literacy in India is a key for socio-economic progress,
and the Indian literacy rate has grown to 74.04% (2011 figure) from 12% at the end of British rule in 1947.
Although this was a greater than sixfold improvement, the level is below the world average literacy rate of 84%,
and of all nations, India currently has the largest illiterate population.
Despite government programmes, India's literacy rate increased only "sluggishly",
and a 1990 study estimated that it would take until 2060 for India to achieve universal literacy at then-current rate of progress.
The 2011 census, however, indicated a 2001–2011 decadal literacy growth of 9.2%, which is slower than the growth seen during the previous decade.
There is a wide gender disparity in the literacy rate in India: effective literacy rates (age 7 and above) in 2011 were 82.14% for men and 65.46% for women.
The low female literacy rate has had a dramatically negative impact on family planning and population stabillisation efforts in India. Studies have indicated that female literacy is a strong predictor of the use of contraception among married Indian couples, even when women do not otherwise have economic independence.
The census provided a positive indication that growth in female literacy rates (11.8%) was substantially faster than in male literacy rates (6.9%) in the 2001–2011 decadal period, which means the gender gap appears to be narrowing.
The literacy rate for Pakistan in a 2012 consensus was 56%, which includes both males and females from both rural and urban areas. A 56% literacy rate is very low; this means that almost half of the country is illiterate and can contribute very little to economic development because the major contribution in that area is made through education. Despite a very low average literacy rate, however, there are exceptional cases where the rate is very high; for example, in Lahore, Islamabad and Karachi. In these cities, the literacy rate is almost 75%, far above those in tribal areas, where acquiring a modern education is considered un-Islamic due to religious extremism. In these areas, the literacy rate can be as low as 9%, particularly because females are not allowed to attend school. Boys alone do so and with their education, obtain employment. The contribution made by education is the key factor in the development of a national economy and the growth of a country. Thus, it is the responsibility of the administration as well as the people of Pakistan to ensure that their children are educated so that they can raise the literacy rate and, ultimately, improve the country's situation and status.
From 2000 to 2004, the literacy rate ranged from 96% in Islamabad; in the 55–64 age group, the literacy rate was almost 38%, with a rate for ages 45–54 of nearly 46%, ages 25–34 of 57%, and ages 15–24 of 72%. In the tribal areas of Pakistan literacy, the rate is very low. Poor performance in the education sector is mainly caused by minimal public investment and expenditure on education, which has increased to 2.4% of the gross national product (GNP) in recent years. In addition, as allocation of government funds is skewed towards higher education, this allows upper-income earners to obtain educational public subsidy benefits.
This literate rate is the official statistics offered by PRC, and most academic researches both domestic and international agrees with it.
China has been working on the compulsory education policy in the past twenty or so years, and the program basically means that every single child must have access to both an elementary school and a secondary school in their life. The cost of the education as well as the construction of schools is totally provided by Chinese government and only requires the fee for books at approximately $20 a year. The construction of educational infrastructure also enables students all over the country, no matter how far away from cities they are, can at least access basic education for nine years in their life which is more than sufficient to learn how to read and write.
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