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The Houses of Parliament, officially known as the Palace of Westminster, is where the two houses of the UK Parliament (the House of Commons and the House of Lords) meet. It's a large, iconic building on the bank of the River Thames in London.
History of the Houses of Parliament:
The site has been politically significant for nearly 1,000 years. Edward the Confessor built the first palace here around 1045.
For centuries, it served as a royal residence.
After a fire in 1512, King Henry VIII moved the royal family to Whitehall, and the Palace of Westminster became primarily the meeting place for Parliament.
Much of the old palace was destroyed by another fire in 1834.
The current neo-Gothic Palace of Westminster was designed by Charles Barry and Augustus Pugin and was completed over about 30 years, with major construction starting in 1840.
Key surviving parts of the old palace include Westminster Hall, which dates back to 1097.
Big Ben:
"Big Ben" is actually the nickname for the Great Bell inside the Elizabeth Tower (formerly known as the Clock Tower) at the north end of the Houses of Parliament.
The tower was built as part of Charles Barry's design for the new palace after the 1834 fire.
Construction of the tower began in 1843, and it was completed in 1859.
The clock within the tower is famous for its accuracy.
The Great Bell, Big Ben, first rang on May 31, 1859.
In 2012, the Clock Tower was renamed the Elizabeth Tower in honor of Queen Elizabeth II's Diamond Jubilee.
So, Big Ben is the famous bell housed within the Elizabeth Tower, which is part of the larger complex of the Houses of Parliament. They are closely linked as iconic symbols of London and the UK's political heart.