Скачать или смотреть 8th STD ISOCIAL SCIENCE IHISTORY ICHAPTER:5 GREEK, ROMAN AND AMERICAN CIVILIZATIONS| Part-3|AMERICAN

This video covers the topic about Karnataka State Board, 8th Standard, English Medium, SOCIAL SCIENCE, HISTORY, CHAPTER:5, GREEK, ROMAN AND AMERICAN CIVILIZATIONS| Part-3.
The American Civilizations
Maya, Aztec and Inca are the ancient Columbian civilizations of
America. They represent the culture of the Indian aborigines of America.The countries of Medieval Europe discovered new continents in their
attempts to find out a new sea-route to India. America and Australia
thus discovered were misunderstood as India and their inhabitants
were called Indians. Thus, the aborigines of America and Australia
came to be called Indians. In later history, the familiar countries came
to be known as the Old World and the newly discovered continents as
the New World. The ancient Columbian civilizations of America are
distinct and special like the civilizations of the old world like the
Egyptian, the Mesopotamian and the Chinese civilizations. We can see
states, kingdoms, amazing monuments, cities, art, metallurgy and the
practice of writing in the civilizations of the new world too.
Maya Civilization
The American-Indian aborigines of Yucutan area of Mexico are
called the Mayas. Their language is called Yucutec. Physically, the
Mayas were short, brown complexioned, long-haired and generally
round- headed people. The Mayas were the most advanced among
the ancient American Indians. The ruins of cities built of stone have
been obtained in Yucutan of Mexico, Guatemala and Honduras. This
civilization rose to its cultural height around 1700 years ago. Their
earliest cities were built around 320 C.E. We see the dissolution of
Mayan culture with the attack of Spain from 1527 to 1546 C.E.
The life of the Mayas
The settlements of the Mayas included huge ceremonial centres.
These have been called cities but they were not inhabited by people. These
areas were utilized for religious ceremonies, markets, courts and city
administration centres. People lived in villages around these areas.
Except during the period of markets and religious celebrations, these
ceremonial centres would be deserted at all times. Around a large site
named Tikal, pyramids, ‘palaces’ and courtyards have been found all
around stretching one square mile.
The Aztecs
Texcoco is a lake in Mexico. The Aztecs built their city on an island in
this lake. They are called Tenochca, a name derived from their legendary,
ancestor, Tenoch. Their city was called Tenochtitlan (the stone rising in
the water). The city has also been called Mexica, and its inhabitants were
also known by the same name. Their language was Nahua. Even today
there are people who speak Nahua in Mexico.
Inca
The Inca empire which flourished during the 15th and 16th centuries
spread in the areas of Peru, Ecuador, Chile and Argentina. Other cultures
existed before the Incas. The Inca empire continued the old cultures.
Since the Incas did not know writing, not much is known about their early life. They came and settled in the Peruvian Cuzco valley around the
11th century, and gradually occupied the whole valley. Information about
their lives till the 15th century is vague. Tupac was a prominent leader
of the Incas. He had fought the earlier tribe of Chimus and overpowered
them. Over a period of time, his descendents worked to establish an
empire. But in 1532, a Spanish army of only 200 men defeated the Incas.
It murdered the Inca soldiers in a gruesome manner and took over the
kingdom.