Скачать или смотреть Excretion, Nitrogenous wastes,| Excretory product and their elimination|

Excretion is the biological process by which living organisms remove harmful metabolic wastes from the body to maintain internal balance (homeostasis). These wastes are mainly produced during cellular metabolism, especially the breakdown of proteins and nucleic acids. The major nitrogenous waste products include ammonia, urea, and uric acid, and different animals excrete different forms of nitrogenous wastes depending on their habitat and evolutionary adaptations.

Animals are classified into ammonotelic, ureotelic, and uricotelic based on the type of nitrogenous waste they excrete:

Ammonotelic animals (e.g., bony fishes, aquatic amphibian larvae) excrete ammonia, which is highly toxic and requires large amounts of water for removal.

Ureotelic animals (e.g., mammals, adult amphibians, marine fishes) excrete urea, which is less toxic and requires less water.

Uricotelic animals (e.g., birds, reptiles, insects) excrete uric acid, which is the least toxic and conserved as a semi-solid paste to save water.

This classification helps us understand how excretory mechanisms have evolved in different environments—aquatic, terrestrial, and arid habitats. Understanding these adaptations forms a key part of human physiology and comparative animal physiology.Excretion is the biological process by which living organisms remove harmful metabolic wastes from the body to maintain internal balance (homeostasis). These wastes are mainly produced during cellular metabolism, especially the breakdown of proteins and nucleic acids. The major nitrogenous waste products include ammonia, urea, and uric acid, and different animals excrete different forms of nitrogenous wastes depending on their habitat and evolutionary adaptations.

Animals are classified into ammonotelic, ureotelic, and uricotelic based on the type of nitrogenous waste they excrete:

Ammonotelic animals (e.g., bony fishes, aquatic amphibian larvae) excrete ammonia, which is highly toxic and requires large amounts of water for removal.

Ureotelic animals (e.g., mammals, adult amphibians, marine fishes) excrete urea, which is less toxic and requires less water.

Uricotelic animals (e.g., birds, reptiles, insects) excrete uric acid, which is the least toxic and conserved as a semi-solid paste to save water.

This classification helps us understand how excretory mechanisms have evolved in different environments—aquatic, terrestrial, and arid habitats. Understanding these adaptations forms a key part of human physiology and comparative animal physiology.Excretion is the biological process by which living organisms remove harmful metabolic wastes from the body to maintain internal balance (homeostasis). These wastes are mainly produced during cellular metabolism, especially the breakdown of proteins and nucleic acids. The major nitrogenous waste products include ammonia, urea, and uric acid, and different animals excrete different forms of nitrogenous wastes depending on their habitat and evolutionary adaptations.

Animals are classified into ammonotelic, ureotelic, and uricotelic based on the type of nitrogenous waste they excrete:

Ammonotelic animals (e.g., bony fishes, aquatic amphibian larvae) excrete ammonia, which is highly toxic and requires large amounts of water for removal.

Ureotelic animals (e.g., mammals, adult amphibians, marine fishes) excrete urea, which is less toxic and requires less water.

Uricotelic animals (e.g., birds, reptiles, insects) excrete uric acid, which is the least toxic and conserved as a semi-solid paste to save water.

This classification helps us understand how excretory mechanisms have evolved in different environments—aquatic, terrestrial, and arid habitats. Understanding these adaptations forms a key part of human physiology and comparative animal physiology