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Types of Clutches

A clutch is a mechanical device used to engage and disengage the power transmission between the engine shaft and the gearbox shaft. It allows smooth transmission of power in vehicles and machines. Clutches are classified into different types based on their design and operation.


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1. Positive Clutch (Dog Clutch / Jaw Clutch)

Works by interlocking teeth (dogs or jaws).

Provides a rigid connection, no slip.

Used where synchronous speed engagement is required.

Example: Gear shifting in heavy machinery.



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2. Friction Clutch

Works on the principle of friction between contact surfaces. Most common in automobiles.
Types:

Single Plate Clutch – One friction plate between flywheel & pressure plate (used in cars, trucks).

Multi-Plate Clutch – More than one friction plate, gives higher torque transmission (used in motorcycles, racing cars).

Cone Clutch – Uses conical surfaces instead of flat plates, compact design.

Centrifugal Clutch – Works automatically with engine speed, no pedal needed (used in scooters, mopeds).

Semi-Centrifugal Clutch – Combination of spring and centrifugal force (used in racing cars, heavy vehicles).



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3. Hydraulic Clutch

Power transmitted by hydraulic pressure of fluid.

Smooth operation, self-adjusting.

Example: Modern cars, heavy vehicles.



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4. Electromagnetic Clutch

Uses electromagnetic force to engage/disengage.

Quick response, no mechanical linkage.

Used in automatic machines, CNC, and modern vehicles.



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5. Vacuum Clutch

Operates using vacuum created by engine manifold.

Rarely used now due to complexity.



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6. Fluid Clutch (Fluid Flywheel / Hydraulic Coupling)

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