কেন মিল্কিওয়ে - অ্যান্ড্রোমিডা সংঘর্ষ হবে? Why Milky Way and Andromeda will collide in Bangla Ep 74

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The Andromeda–Milky Way collision is a galactic collision predicted to occur in about 4.5 billion years between the two largest galaxies in the Local Group—the Milky Way and the Andromeda Galaxy. The stars involved are sufficiently far apart that it is improbable that any of them will individually collide. Some stars will be ejected from the resulting galaxy, often nicknamed Milkomeda or Milkdromeda, a portmanteau of the respective galaxy names.

The Andromeda Galaxy is approaching the Milky Way at about 110 kilometres per second as indicated by blueshift. However, the lateral speed is very difficult to measure with a precision to draw reasonable conclusions. Until 2012, it was not known whether the possible collision was definitely going to happen or not. But then researchers reported on using the Hubble Space Telescope to measure the positions of stars in Andromeda in 2002 and 2010, relative to hundreds of background distant galaxies. By averaging over thousands of stars they were able to obtain the average proper motion with accuracy much better than one pixel accuracy. The conclusion was that Andromeda is moving southeast in the sky at less than 0.1 milliarc-seconds per year, corresponding to a speed relative to the sun of less than 200 km/s towards the south and towards the east. Taking also into account the sun's motion, Andromeda's tangential or sideways velocity with respect to the Milky Way was found to be much smaller than the speed of approach and therefore it will eventually merge with the Milky Way in around 5 billion years.

On the smaller scales of the universe, gravity is the dominant force. We see gravity in action every day on Earth when we jump or drop our beloved phones, and it is famously responsible for causing an apple to hit Sir Isaac Newton in the head. These Earthly scales are actually some of the smallest scales on which gravity dominates. On slightly larger scales, gravity is in charge of holding together the solar system, the Milky Way galaxy, and all of the nearby galaxies (known as the Local Group) including Andromeda. On scales much larger than the size of the Local Group, the gravitational attraction between two galaxy-sized objects becomes dramatically weaker (Newton’s Law of Universal Gravitation is an inverse square law), and dark energy takes over.

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Audio edit by audacity.

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