Скачать или смотреть 1986 Nobel Prize lecture by Gerd Binnig and Heinrich Rohrer: SCANNING TUNNELING MICROSCOPY - FROM...

The provided text is an excerpt from the Nobel lecture delivered by Gerd Binnig and Heinrich Rohrer in December 1986, detailing the historic development of the Scanning Tunneling Microscope (STM), from its initial conception to its adoption by the scientific community. The authors recount the personal and technical journey of inventing the STM at IBM, highlighting their initial, somewhat unorthodox approach rooted in their background in superconductivity and tunneling rather than traditional surface science. They describe overcoming significant engineering challenges, such as vibration isolation and achieving an atomically sharp tip, before successfully demonstrating vacuum tunneling and capturing the first atomic-resolution images, notably the famous 7x7 reconstruction of Si(111). Ultimately, the lecture affirms the STM's impact by enabling atomic-scale structural and electronic imaging (spectroscopy), paving the way for broad application across physics, chemistry, and biology.